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	<title>Comments for Policy Wonk</title>
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	<link>http://www.policy-wonk.org</link>
	<description>Let&#039;s talk about where we&#039;re headed...</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 01 Feb 2012 22:40:20 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Comment on Two Cities, Two States and a Bruising Battle for Control by Geoff Withers</title>
		<link>http://www.policy-wonk.org/joe/two-cities-two-states-and-a-bruising-battle-for-control/comment-page-1/#comment-10614</link>
		<dc:creator>Geoff Withers</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Feb 2012 22:40:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.policy-wonk.org/?p=813#comment-10614</guid>
		<description>Very interesting.  I&#039;d like to find out more about state-local relations, and how they might be compared for all states.  Since the USACIR went away, I don&#039;t know where to turn for data and information.  Any suggestions?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Very interesting.  I&#8217;d like to find out more about state-local relations, and how they might be compared for all states.  Since the USACIR went away, I don&#8217;t know where to turn for data and information.  Any suggestions?</p>
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		<title>Comment on UR-RIT Corridor: Rochester&#8217;s New Economic Center of Gravity by Linda Weinstein</title>
		<link>http://www.policy-wonk.org/kent-gardner/ur-rit-corridor-rochesters-new-economic-center-of-gravity/comment-page-1/#comment-10510</link>
		<dc:creator>Linda Weinstein</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2012 15:09:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.policy-wonk.org/?p=807#comment-10510</guid>
		<description>This makes a lot of sense to me. We need a &quot;knee bone connected to the thigh bone&quot; mentality in Rochester. 

Who else will be interested in this concept?  I&#039;d love to see a coalition--Rochester Regional Design Center among others.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This makes a lot of sense to me. We need a &#8220;knee bone connected to the thigh bone&#8221; mentality in Rochester. </p>
<p>Who else will be interested in this concept?  I&#8217;d love to see a coalition&#8211;Rochester Regional Design Center among others.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Rankings: What they can — and can&#8217;t — tell you by Scott Noren DDS</title>
		<link>http://www.policy-wonk.org/kent-gardner/rankings-what-they-can-and-cant-tell-you/comment-page-1/#comment-10476</link>
		<dc:creator>Scott Noren DDS</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Jan 2012 23:48:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.policy-wonk.org/?p=772#comment-10476</guid>
		<description>Superintendents making $175,000 or over $200,000 per year plus benefits are definitely unsustainable..teachers and paraprofessionals in general are not ruining the system...
I am running for U.S. Senate and am introducing myself to you. I am not like Senator Gilibrand in any way shape or form.
www.norenforsenate.com
Scott Noren DDS
Oral Surgeon and smal businessman
Profit, employment; not greed</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Superintendents making $175,000 or over $200,000 per year plus benefits are definitely unsustainable..teachers and paraprofessionals in general are not ruining the system&#8230;<br />
I am running for U.S. Senate and am introducing myself to you. I am not like Senator Gilibrand in any way shape or form.<br />
<a href="http://www.norenforsenate.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.norenforsenate.com</a><br />
Scott Noren DDS<br />
Oral Surgeon and smal businessman<br />
Profit, employment; not greed</p>
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		<title>Comment on Capitalism: Worst of Possible Systems (except for the alternatives) by Kent</title>
		<link>http://www.policy-wonk.org/kent-gardner/capitalism-worst-of-possible-systems-except-for-the-alternatives/comment-page-1/#comment-10022</link>
		<dc:creator>Kent</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Dec 2011 02:15:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.policy-wonk.org/?p=785#comment-10022</guid>
		<description>Thanks for the comments, Peter &amp; Alan. A few thoughts--Peter&#039;s gross receipts tax is quite appealing. What I like is its simplicity. Congress, in its infinite legislative wisdom, often puts &quot;incentives&quot; into the tax code that are too darned clever, challenging clever corporate tax attorneys to outsmart them (which they often manage to do!). 

One comment about small business, however: They make a significant contribution to job creation, but it isn&#039;t quite as overwhelming as is popularly thought. McKinsey Global Institute reports that from 87 to 05, firms w/ more than 500 employees added nearly a third of net new jobs and employed about half of the workforce (see http://goo.gl/d3jNO). 

The stats for job creation attributable to new firms are often exaggerated. As Americans, we love entrepreneurs, and for good reason. I often see Kauffman Foundation data on startups (see Tim Kane, &lt;em&gt;The Importance of Startups in Job Creation and Destruction&lt;/em&gt;. Ewing Marian Kauffman Foundation, July 2010) subtly misquoted as claiming that new firms add 3 million jobs each year. That’s technically correct—but a more accurate statement is that about 3 million jobs each year exist at “startups”—firms less than a year old. Many new firms don’t survive into a second year of existence, however. Among firms that have passed their first birthday, employment is stable—they add as many jobs as they lose. 

Among all established firms, net job growth is negative in aggregate. That happens for two reasons: 1: Firms go bust and 2: Surviving firms add and eliminate jobs. If you look only at the group of survivors—firms that don’t go out of business—they add net new jobs. The U.S. economy relies on new firms to replace jobs lost as the free market’s “creative destruction” eliminates uncompetitive establishments. Net job growth, then, depends on new establishments.

Alan, as I wrote in the article, I&#039;m very supportive of regulation. I&#039;m just wary of relying on regulation alone. The 2008 financial crisis is a great example: While the absence of key regulations was part of the problem, the weakness of the regulators was also a contributing factor.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for the comments, Peter &amp; Alan. A few thoughts&#8211;Peter&#8217;s gross receipts tax is quite appealing. What I like is its simplicity. Congress, in its infinite legislative wisdom, often puts &#8220;incentives&#8221; into the tax code that are too darned clever, challenging clever corporate tax attorneys to outsmart them (which they often manage to do!). </p>
<p>One comment about small business, however: They make a significant contribution to job creation, but it isn&#8217;t quite as overwhelming as is popularly thought. McKinsey Global Institute reports that from 87 to 05, firms w/ more than 500 employees added nearly a third of net new jobs and employed about half of the workforce (see <a href="http://goo.gl/d3jNO)" rel="nofollow">http://goo.gl/d3jNO)</a>. </p>
<p>The stats for job creation attributable to new firms are often exaggerated. As Americans, we love entrepreneurs, and for good reason. I often see Kauffman Foundation data on startups (see Tim Kane, <em>The Importance of Startups in Job Creation and Destruction</em>. Ewing Marian Kauffman Foundation, July 2010) subtly misquoted as claiming that new firms add 3 million jobs each year. That’s technically correct—but a more accurate statement is that about 3 million jobs each year exist at “startups”—firms less than a year old. Many new firms don’t survive into a second year of existence, however. Among firms that have passed their first birthday, employment is stable—they add as many jobs as they lose. </p>
<p>Among all established firms, net job growth is negative in aggregate. That happens for two reasons: 1: Firms go bust and 2: Surviving firms add and eliminate jobs. If you look only at the group of survivors—firms that don’t go out of business—they add net new jobs. The U.S. economy relies on new firms to replace jobs lost as the free market’s “creative destruction” eliminates uncompetitive establishments. Net job growth, then, depends on new establishments.</p>
<p>Alan, as I wrote in the article, I&#8217;m very supportive of regulation. I&#8217;m just wary of relying on regulation alone. The 2008 financial crisis is a great example: While the absence of key regulations was part of the problem, the weakness of the regulators was also a contributing factor.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Capitalism: Worst of Possible Systems (except for the alternatives) by alan draper (Pat Ellis's husband)</title>
		<link>http://www.policy-wonk.org/kent-gardner/capitalism-worst-of-possible-systems-except-for-the-alternatives/comment-page-1/#comment-10021</link>
		<dc:creator>alan draper (Pat Ellis's husband)</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Dec 2011 01:50:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.policy-wonk.org/?p=785#comment-10021</guid>
		<description>liked what you wrote. A lot.  One problem.  Breaking up the banks requires regulation, which you seem to have little faith in.  Antitrust is a form of regulation.
Capitalism, as you know and Marx accurately foresaw, has a natural tendency to lead to the concentration and centralization of production.  Only regulation can prevent it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>liked what you wrote. A lot.  One problem.  Breaking up the banks requires regulation, which you seem to have little faith in.  Antitrust is a form of regulation.<br />
Capitalism, as you know and Marx accurately foresaw, has a natural tendency to lead to the concentration and centralization of production.  Only regulation can prevent it.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Capitalism: Worst of Possible Systems (except for the alternatives) by Peter J Liepmann MD FAAFP</title>
		<link>http://www.policy-wonk.org/kent-gardner/capitalism-worst-of-possible-systems-except-for-the-alternatives/comment-page-1/#comment-10019</link>
		<dc:creator>Peter J Liepmann MD FAAFP</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Dec 2011 23:58:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.policy-wonk.org/?p=785#comment-10019</guid>
		<description>I also prefer a market solution rather than regulation to control monopolies and &quot;too big to fail&quot;.  The natural, &#039;business&#039; tendency is for businesses to get bigger and bigger, so they can squeeze out competitors.  What&#039;s needed is a countervailing force that would tend to keep businesses smaller, without interfering too much with other decisions. I think I have the answer:

A graduated corporate VAT, or even simpler, a graduated gross receipts tax, starting at 0% for businesses under $5 or even $10 million, going up to 20-30% for something the size of Citibank or Exxon.  Unlike net income, which is subject to all sorts of gaming, gross income is very simple, and hard to fudge.  So just making the corporate tax rate go up as the company gets bigger eventually makes a business justification to break huge outfits into smaller, still big corporations.  Don&#039;t like your 30% tax?  Divide up into 15 smaller ($27 billion is still a pretty big business!) companies, and drop to 20%.  Divide into 150 businesses, and go down to 12% at $2.7b ....  You get the idea.

We all know that small companies provide most of the jobs, particularly new jobs, in the US, and smaller companies innovate better, compete more, and are less likely to lay off 12,000 workers at a time.  It&#039;s time we gave smaller businesses a boost.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I also prefer a market solution rather than regulation to control monopolies and &#8220;too big to fail&#8221;.  The natural, &#8216;business&#8217; tendency is for businesses to get bigger and bigger, so they can squeeze out competitors.  What&#8217;s needed is a countervailing force that would tend to keep businesses smaller, without interfering too much with other decisions. I think I have the answer:</p>
<p>A graduated corporate VAT, or even simpler, a graduated gross receipts tax, starting at 0% for businesses under $5 or even $10 million, going up to 20-30% for something the size of Citibank or Exxon.  Unlike net income, which is subject to all sorts of gaming, gross income is very simple, and hard to fudge.  So just making the corporate tax rate go up as the company gets bigger eventually makes a business justification to break huge outfits into smaller, still big corporations.  Don&#8217;t like your 30% tax?  Divide up into 15 smaller ($27 billion is still a pretty big business!) companies, and drop to 20%.  Divide into 150 businesses, and go down to 12% at $2.7b &#8230;.  You get the idea.</p>
<p>We all know that small companies provide most of the jobs, particularly new jobs, in the US, and smaller companies innovate better, compete more, and are less likely to lay off 12,000 workers at a time.  It&#8217;s time we gave smaller businesses a boost.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Capitalism: Worst of Possible Systems (except for the alternatives) by Reg Neale</title>
		<link>http://www.policy-wonk.org/kent-gardner/capitalism-worst-of-possible-systems-except-for-the-alternatives/comment-page-1/#comment-9993</link>
		<dc:creator>Reg Neale</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Dec 2011 22:24:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.policy-wonk.org/?p=785#comment-9993</guid>
		<description>Kent, thanks for a thought-provoking essay. 

You say &quot;I’ll take &#039;all of the above.&#039; Which is why I’m unimpressed with the response of the nation’s leadership, having left the structure of the financial sector untouched, and choosing instead to put our faith in more regulation and better regulators.&quot;

What can you expect, when our legislators are basically up for auction? Until we get real campaign finance reform,  none of these problems will get better. 

Your reply &quot;... the political obstacles are significant&quot; is a considerable understatement, and if there are any &quot;... remaining moderates in the Republican Party&quot; they sure aren&#039;t getting much coverage.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Kent, thanks for a thought-provoking essay. </p>
<p>You say &#8220;I’ll take &#8216;all of the above.&#8217; Which is why I’m unimpressed with the response of the nation’s leadership, having left the structure of the financial sector untouched, and choosing instead to put our faith in more regulation and better regulators.&#8221;</p>
<p>What can you expect, when our legislators are basically up for auction? Until we get real campaign finance reform,  none of these problems will get better. </p>
<p>Your reply &#8220;&#8230; the political obstacles are significant&#8221; is a considerable understatement, and if there are any &#8220;&#8230; remaining moderates in the Republican Party&#8221; they sure aren&#8217;t getting much coverage.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Capitalism: Worst of Possible Systems (except for the alternatives) by Kent</title>
		<link>http://www.policy-wonk.org/kent-gardner/capitalism-worst-of-possible-systems-except-for-the-alternatives/comment-page-1/#comment-9986</link>
		<dc:creator>Kent</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Dec 2011 14:22:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.policy-wonk.org/?p=785#comment-9986</guid>
		<description>It&#039;s a complex economic &amp; political problem, isn&#039;t it? I agree that the  concentration in banking began long ago. The economic challenge is to split difference between what we had under Glass-Steagall, when banking across state lines was very difficult and the feds mandated a maximum rate of interest for savings &amp; loans (the famous &quot;Regulation Q&quot;), and the free-for-all that we have today. We can certainly re-erect some of the G-S barriers between types of financial institutions without imposing some of its ridiculous inefficiencies. But, as you suggest, the political obstacles are significant. We badly need a power shift toward the remaining moderates in the Republican Party. Continued polarization leads nowhere.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s a complex economic &amp; political problem, isn&#8217;t it? I agree that the  concentration in banking began long ago. The economic challenge is to split difference between what we had under Glass-Steagall, when banking across state lines was very difficult and the feds mandated a maximum rate of interest for savings &amp; loans (the famous &#8220;Regulation Q&#8221;), and the free-for-all that we have today. We can certainly re-erect some of the G-S barriers between types of financial institutions without imposing some of its ridiculous inefficiencies. But, as you suggest, the political obstacles are significant. We badly need a power shift toward the remaining moderates in the Republican Party. Continued polarization leads nowhere.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Capitalism: Worst of Possible Systems (except for the alternatives) by Rob Rosenkrantz</title>
		<link>http://www.policy-wonk.org/kent-gardner/capitalism-worst-of-possible-systems-except-for-the-alternatives/comment-page-1/#comment-9984</link>
		<dc:creator>Rob Rosenkrantz</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Dec 2011 13:40:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.policy-wonk.org/?p=785#comment-9984</guid>
		<description>I agree with your analysis, Kent, including the problems of effective regulation. However, I believe that the concentration of power in the big banks came well before 2008, and particularly when banks were &quot;deregulated&quot;, and entered the field of investment. The problems that resulted are well documented, including the way good and bad debt was securitized and bundled, poorly rated  by the rating agencies, and sold as solid investments. The big question is how do we reduce the concentration of power in the big banks (and those rating agencies).  Won&#039;t this take government intervention?  Will the Tea Party and other Conservatives allow this to happen?  Can we put the genie back in the bottle?  Thanks for stimulating my brain cells.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I agree with your analysis, Kent, including the problems of effective regulation. However, I believe that the concentration of power in the big banks came well before 2008, and particularly when banks were &#8220;deregulated&#8221;, and entered the field of investment. The problems that resulted are well documented, including the way good and bad debt was securitized and bundled, poorly rated  by the rating agencies, and sold as solid investments. The big question is how do we reduce the concentration of power in the big banks (and those rating agencies).  Won&#8217;t this take government intervention?  Will the Tea Party and other Conservatives allow this to happen?  Can we put the genie back in the bottle?  Thanks for stimulating my brain cells.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Capitalism: Worst of Possible Systems (except for the alternatives) by Vince Tollers</title>
		<link>http://www.policy-wonk.org/kent-gardner/capitalism-worst-of-possible-systems-except-for-the-alternatives/comment-page-1/#comment-9982</link>
		<dc:creator>Vince Tollers</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Dec 2011 12:39:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.policy-wonk.org/?p=785#comment-9982</guid>
		<description>Great, clear analysis, Kent.  Sorry that I missed your Third Pres presentation.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Great, clear analysis, Kent.  Sorry that I missed your Third Pres presentation.</p>
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